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Henry Wrigley
Air Vice Marshal Henry Neilson Wrigley, CBE, DFC, AFC (21 April 1892 – 14 September 1987) was a senior commander in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). A pioneering flyer and aviation scholar, he piloted the first trans-Australia flight from Melbourne to Darwin in 1919, and afterwards laid the groundwork for the RAAF's air power doctrine. During World War I, Wrigley joined the Australian Flying Corps and saw combat with No. 3 Squadron on the Western Front, earning the Distinguished Flying Cross; he later commanded the unit and published a history of its wartime exploits. He was awarded the Air Force Cross for his 1919 cross-country flight.
Wrigley was a founding member of the RAAF in 1921 and held a variety of staff posts in the ensuing years. In 1936, he was promoted to group captain and took command of RAAF Station Laverton. Raised to air commodore soon after the outbreak of World War II, he became Air Member for Personnel in November 1940. One of his tasks was organising the newly established Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force and selecting its director, Clare Stevenson, in 1941. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire the same year. Wrigley served as Air Officer Commanding RAAF Overseas Headquarters, London, from September 1942 until his retirement from the military in June 1946. He died in 1987 at the age of ninety-five. His writings on air power were collected and published posthumously as ''The Decisive Factor'' in 1990.
==Early life and World War I==
Wrigley was born on 21 April 1892 in Collingwood, a suburb of Melbourne, to Henry and Beatrice Wrigley.〔Dennis et al., ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History'', pp. 606–609〕〔Draper, ''Who's Who in Australia 1985'', p. 924〕 He was educated at Richmond Central School and at Melbourne High School, where he joined the cadets.〔(Australian War Memorial Transcript ) at (3 Squadron – Australian Flying Corps / Royal Australian Air Force ). Retrieved 30 March 2012.〕 Studying at the University of Melbourne, he became a state school teacher and a member of the militia prior to the outbreak of World War I.〔〔Department of Defence, ''Personnel File'', p. 5〕 He joined the Australian Flying Corps (AFC) on 5 October 1916.〔(Henry Neilson Wrigley ) at (The AIF Project ). Retrieved 24 February 2009.〕 Wrigley trained as a pilot under the tutelage of Lieutenant Eric Harrison at Central Flying School in Point Cook, Victoria, before departing Melbourne on 25 October aboard a troopship bound for Europe.〔〔Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 9–10〕
After further training in England, Wrigley was posted to France and flew on the Western Front with No. 3 Squadron AFC (also known until 1918 as No. 69 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps).〔 Operating Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8s, the unit was engaged in reconnaissance, artillery-spotting and ground support duties.〔Wilson, ''The Brotherhood of Airmen'', pp. 19–21〕 Having been promoted to captain, Wrigley was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his "exceptional devotion to duty", in particular his persistence in pressing home an attack against enemy infantry on 29 October 1918 in the face of "intense machine gun and rifle fire"; the honour was promulgated in the ''London Gazette'' on 3 June 1919.〔(Recommendation for Henry Neilson Wrigley to be awarded a Distinguished Flying Cross ) at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 24 February 2009.〕 Wrigley later observed that most wartime aircraft were "impossible to fight in", and that senior officers were "too occupied with coaxing aeroplanes into the air and teaching pilots to bring them down again without breaking their necks" to consider the wider implications of air power.〔O'Loghlin; Stephens, "The Air Power Notebooks of Air Vice-Marshal H.N. Wrigley", pp. 43–51〕
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